Math SymbolsCopy and Paste ∑
Copy a mathematical operator into an equation, note or message. The groups separate arithmetic, comparisons, sets, calculus and familiar constants. For complex formulas, use an equation editor to control fractions, scripts and alignment.
Arithmetic Operators
Basic arithmetic signs and related numeric marks.
Equality & Comparison Symbols
Equality, approximation, inequalities and order relations.
Set Theory & Logic Symbols
Membership, set operations, subset relations, quantifiers and logical operators.
Calculus, Sums & Roots
Summation and product operators, integrals, derivatives and roots.
Constants, Angles & Geometry
Frequently used characters in mathematical and physical notation. Their meaning depends on the formula.
Lookalike Math Characters
Copying the intended character helps keep prose and formulas consistent.
| Characters | Difference | Example use |
|---|---|---|
| − / - | Minus sign / hyphen-minus | Use − for a typeset subtraction sign |
| × / x | Multiplication sign / Latin letter | Use × for multiplication when appropriate |
| ∑ / Σ | Summation operator / Greek capital sigma | Use ∑ for a sum, Σ when the letter is intended |
| ∅ / Ø | Empty set / Latin letter O with stroke | Use ∅ for the empty set |
| ≈ / = | Almost equal / equals | Keep approximate and exact relations distinct |
Put Math Characters to Work
A symbol supplies the character; the surrounding notation supplies the mathematical meaning.
Use an equation editor for layout
Pasting ∫ or ∑ inserts a character. It does not automatically create limits, a fraction, superscripts or accessible equation structure.
Use Word Unicode entry
In Word for Windows, type 221E and press Alt + X to insert ∞. Use the hexadecimal code shown on each card for other characters.
Check the syntax of code
Programming languages often require ASCII operators such as !=, <= or *. A visually similar Unicode symbol may not be valid code in that language.
Character references: Mathematical Operators, Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-A, Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-B. Character names follow the Unicode Character Database.
Related Symbols
Explore another collection that fits your text.
Math Symbols FAQ
Can I paste these symbols into Word or Google Docs?
Yes, into text fields that support the characters. For a structured formula, use the application’s equation editor so it can handle layout and mathematical structure.
Is ∑ the same as the Greek letter Σ?
No. ∑ is N-ARY SUMMATION, U+2211. Σ is GREEK CAPITAL LETTER SIGMA, U+03A3. They may look similar, but they are different characters.
How can I type an infinity symbol?
Copy ∞ here. In Word for Windows, type 221E then Alt + X. Its Unicode code point is U+221E.
Can I copy several operators as one expression?
Yes. Copy symbols into the bottom copy bar, then use Copy all to join them. To add numbers or letters, expand the bar and edit a saved item, or finish the expression in your document. This produces plain text rather than a structured equation.
What is the difference between a minus sign and a hyphen?
− is MINUS SIGN, U+2212. - is HYPHEN-MINUS, U+002D. Use the mathematical minus when typesetting a formula, but use the exact character required by a programming language or data format.